While there are several techniques that can be used, there really is no best way to remove old paint and wallpaper since the success of each method is dependent on the user's skill and comfort level. Because so many materials have varied instructions, it is important to use a product you are comfortable with and will cause the least amount of damage to you or your property.
Removing Paint
To remove old paint from decorative or large surfaces apply a generous layer of paint stripper or similar chemical. Allow the stripper to sit per manufacturer's instructions and scrape or hose off the paint layer. Since many of these chemicals have toxic fumes, and can cause skin and eye irritants, be sure to use protective clothing, face and eye protection, and work in a well-ventilated area.
To avoid exposure to harmful chemicals and solvents, homeowners can also use sanders or heat guns to remove old paint. A heat gun is a tool that heats the paint, causing it to bubble and separate from the wall. Some models have an attached metal blade to scrape the melted paint away as you work.
Removing Wallpaper
The most common method used to remove old wallpaper is to mist the surface of the paper with a mixture of warm water and vinegar. For particularly tricky or stubborn wallpaper, it may be wise to purchase an enzyme-based solution that will neutralize the wallpaper glue. Allow the mixture to sit on the wallpaper for at least 30 minutes until the glue softens and you can peel the seams up easily. Work from top to bottom and use a wide-blade putty knife to help remove wallpaper. You may need to score the surface of the wallpaper with a razor blade or wallpaper scorer, a small hand-held tool with teeth on one side that perforates the surface of the paper. This step helps the water seep into the holes to loosen glue and is ideal for newer types of wallpaper with protective waterproof surfaces.
Another method to remove old wallpaper is to rent or buy a steamer from a home improvement store. Steamers work great on painted or water resistant wallpaper and in situations where there are two or more layers of paper. Steamers have a large tank that holds water and a hose that channels the steam towards a hotplate. The hotplate heats and softens the glue for easier removal without causing excessive water damage. You may want to score the paper to help the steam reach the glue. Use a wide scraper to scrape the wallpaper from the surface. When using steamers, it is important to wear gloves and long sleeves to prevent burns from the hot water and steam.
Repairing and Refinishing
Before painting, wash the surface with a mixture of trisodium phosphate to remove any leftover wallpaper glue, then rinse thoroughly to avoid staining and discoloration. Avoid excessive moisture when stripping and cleaning the walls since this can lead to mold growth and expensive repairs.
To repair small holes and gouge marks, fill them with drywall putty, allow it to dry, sand the surface smooth, and apply a quality primer and paint.
After stripping paint from woodwork and similar sturdy surfaces, sand the surface to create an even, smooth, surface and apply a layer of latex primer and paint.
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